Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2783-2031 47 5 2025 12 23 Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla: a case report 580 585 10.34172/mj.025.35086 EN Yasaman Sabaghzadegan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5395-6327 Zahra Roustaeizade Shooroki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-7908 Arezoo Heidary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-372X Journal Article 10.34172/mj.025.35086 2025 07 19 2025 07 29 Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasm that affects the head and neck region. Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor that arises within the jaws. The aim of the present study is to report a case of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla. A 42-year-old female patient referred to the Department of Oral Diseases of Yazd Faculty of Dentistry with a complaint of receding gums due to trauma in the past month. In the intraoral examination, a polypoid exophytic mass was observed in the upper left jaw area with a homogeneous surface measuring 3 x 2.5 cm extending from the distal tooth 1 to the distal tooth 3 on the upper left side. A periapical X-ray was requested for the patient, in which a radiolucent lesion with unclear and irregular boundaries was observed extending from the distal tooth 1 to the distal tooth 3 on the upper left side with periodontal ligament widening and root resorption of the second upper left tooth. There was no history of risky behavior or smoking and alcohol consumption in the patient's social history. In the extra-oral evaluation, left submandibular lymphadenopathy was palpated, which was firm and non-tender. The patient underwent an incisional biopsy and the biopsy result showed squamous cell carcinoma. Practical Implications. Squamous cell carcinoma can be observed at any age in both genders, even without known risk factors. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can lead to a better outcome and prognosis.